b'John Bogle, founder of The Vanguard Group, one of the worlds leading money-management firms, was a similarly stubborn optimist. Recognizing the structural problems of what he called an interme-diation societya society in which financial intermediaries capture untoward amounts of capital, encouraging speculation and short-term thinkingBogle cited Thomas Paines call to begin the world anew by reasserting the public interest over self-interest. He concluded:It is time for a change, time for a new world that is not only different in degree, but different in kind from the world of today, a new world that returns capitalism to its traditional ownership roots. 7Reinforced by his epic success as the entrepreneur who pioneered low-cost index funds, Bogle harbored optimism that much of what ails the body economic can be fixed at the level of capital markets, via regulation and policy, incentivizing investors to act like owners rather than speculators.I find his reference to roots telling.The roots we need to get back to are even more fundamental than those of traditional business values. Given what were up against, facing imperatives to recalibrate the relationship between economy and ecology, we need to reaffirm our connection to actual roots, the roots of agriculture and culture, cultivation and civilization.Any reference to roots conjures up Eliot Coleman, who is fond of saying, Feed the soil, not the plant. And Wes Jackson, who is working to 7 The Battle for the Soul of Capitalism, John Bogle (Yale University Press, 2005) p. 238.16'